Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
www.MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.com

Affordable Renewable Energy Alternatives to Expensive Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells 
and Net Zero Energy Solutions


Renewable Energy and Net Zero Energy Solutions

Business Development  *  Clean Power  *  E-commerce  *  Marketing  *  Net Zero Energy

For ad rates, send email to:  info@MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.com


Net Zero Energy Market to Become $1.3 Trillion/year Industry by 2035

http://www.pikeresearch.com/newsroom/revenue-from-net-zero-energy-buildings-to-reach-1-3-trillion-by-2035



Net Zero Energy Buildings Are Coming;
What About The Buildings Already Standing?

http://www.forbes.com/sites/justingerdes/2012/02/28/net-zero-energy-buildings-are-coming-what-about-the-buildings-already-standing/



The market for Distributed PV, also known as "Rooftop PV"
will be a $60 billion/year market by 2013!

http://www.environmentalleader.com/2009/09/10/on-site-solar-poised-for-22-annual-growth/

 

info@MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.com





Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells
www.MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.com


What are Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells?

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) evolved from work in the 1960's aimed at producing a fuel cell which would operate directly on coal. While direct operation on coal seems less likely today, operation on coal-derived fuel gases or natural gas is viable.

 

Diagram: How a Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) works. A MCFC consists of an electrolyte, typically a molten carbonate salt mixture suspended in a ceramic matrix, sandwiched between an anode (negatively charged electrode) and a cathode (positively charged electrode). The processes that take place in the fuel cell are as follows: 1. Hydrogen fuel is channeled through field flow plates to the anode on one side of the fuel cell, while oxygen from the air, carbon dioxide, and electricity (electrons from the fuel cell circuit) are channeled to the cathode on the other side of the cell. 2. At the cathode, the oxygen, carbon dioxide, and electrons react to form positively charged oxygen ions and negatively charged carbonate ions. 3. The carbonate ions move through the electrolyte to the anode. 4. At the anode, a catalyst causes the hydrogen combine with the carbonate ions, forming water and carbon dioxide and releasing electrons. 5. The electrolyte does not allow the electrons to pass through it to the cathode, forcing them to flow through an external circuit to the cathode. This flow of electrons forms an electrical current. 6. The carbon dioxide formed at the anode is often recycled back to the cathode.
Photo courtesy of Dept of Energy


What are Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells?

Diagram: How a Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) works. A PAFC consists of liquid phosphoric acid electrolyte sandwiched between an anode (negatively charged electrode) and a cathode (positively charged electrode). The processes that take place in the fuel cell are as follows: 1. Hydrogen fuel is channeled through field flow plates to the anode on one side of the fuel cell, while oxygen from the air is channeled to the cathode on the other side of the cell. 2. At the anode, a platinum catalyst causes the hydrogen to split into positive hydrogen ions (protons) and negatively charged electrons. 3. The phosphoric acid electrolyte allows only the positively charged ions to pass through it to the cathode. The negatively charged electrons must travel along an external circuit to the cathode, creating an electrical current. 4. At the cathode, the electrons and positively charged hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to form water, which flows out of the cell.Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells use liquid phosphoric acid as an electrolyte—the acid is contained in a Teflon-bonded silicon carbide matrix—and porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum catalyst. The chemical reactions that take place in the cell are shown in the diagram to the right.

The Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) is considered the "first generation" of modern fuel cells. It is one of the most mature cell types and the first to be used commercially, with over 200 units currently in use. This type of fuel cell is typically used for stationary power generation, but some phosphoric acid fuel cells have been used to power large vehicles such as city buses.


Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells are more tolerant of impurities in fossil fuels that have been reformed into hydrogen than other fuel cells. 

Phosphoric acid fuel cells are also less powerful than other fuel cells, given the same weight and volume. As a result, these fuel cells are typically large and heavy. Phosphoric acid fuel cells are also expensive. Phosphoric acid fuel cells require an expensive platinum catalyst, which raises the cost of the fuel cell. A typical phosphoric acid fuel cell costs between $4,000 and $4,500 per kilowatt to operate.

 

Clean Power Generation Solutions


 CHP Systems (Cogeneration and Trigeneration) Plants 
Have Very  High Efficiencies, Low Fuel Costs & Low Emissions

The CHP System below is Rated at 900 kW and Features:
(2) Natural Gas Engines @ 450 kW each on one Skid with Optional 
Selective Catalytic Reduction system that removes Nitrogen Oxides to "non-detect."

The Effective Heat Rate of the CHP System below is 
4100 btu/kW with a Net System Efficiency of 92%. 

    

A CHP System may be the best solution for your company's economic and environmental sustainability as we "upgrade" natural gas to clean power with our clean power generation solutions.

Our Emissions Abatement solutions reduce Nitrogen Oxides to "non-detect" which means our CHP Systems can be installed and operated in most EPA non-attainment regions!

 


Fuel Cell Alternatives & Renewable Energy Solutions

Business Development  *  Clean Power  *  E-commerce  *  Marketing  *  Net Zero Energy

For ad rates, send email to:  info@MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.com

info@MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.com

________________________________________________

 




 



 

 

Renewable Energy Institute

"Leading the Renewable Energy Revolution"

 

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells - MCFC
www.MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.com

info@MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.com

 

 

MoltenCarbonateFuelCells.com

Copyright © 2003
All Rights Reserved